GHK-Cu

Description

GHK-Cu (glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper(II) complex) is a naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide first identified in human plasma by Dr. Loren Pickart in 1973. The peptide exists physiologically as a complex with copper(II) ions and is found in saliva, urine, and plasma, where its concentration declines significantly with age. At age 20, plasma GHK-Cu levels average approximately 200 ng/mL, declining to roughly 80 ng/mL by age 60. This age-related decline has made GHK-Cu a focal point of anti-aging and regenerative research, as the peptide appears to function as a systemic signaling molecule involved in tissue maintenance and repair.

The wound healing properties of GHK-Cu have been extensively documented in the scientific literature. In dermal wound models, GHK-Cu treatment accelerates wound contraction, stimulates collagen synthesis (types I and III), and promotes the formation of organized granulation tissue. The mechanism involves attraction of immune cells and mesenchymal stem cells to wound sites, along with stimulation of glycosaminoglycan production and decorin synthesis, both of which are critical for proper extracellular matrix assembly. In vitro studies have demonstrated that GHK-Cu increases the production of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors (TIMPs), enabling coordinated matrix remodeling rather than simply increasing matrix deposition.

Perhaps the most remarkable aspect of GHK-Cu research is its effect on gene expression. Broad Connectivity Map analysis has revealed that GHK-Cu modulates the expression of over 4,000 human genes, representing approximately 6% of the genome. Notably, the peptide upregulates genes associated with tissue repair and regeneration while simultaneously downregulating genes linked to tissue destruction and inflammatory damage. Specific pathways affected include TGF-beta superfamily signaling, Wnt signaling, antioxidant defense (including superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferases, and thioredoxin reductase), and DNA repair mechanisms. This genome-wide regulatory activity is unusual for such a small molecule and suggests GHK-Cu functions as a master regulatory switch in tissue homeostasis.

Stem cell research has revealed that GHK-Cu serves as a potent attractor for mesenchymal stem cells and promotes their differentiation into multiple cell lineages. In bone tissue studies, the peptide has been shown to stimulate osteoblast activity and enhance bone formation in experimental fracture models. Hair follicle research has documented that GHK-Cu increases follicle size, stimulates hair growth in organ culture models, and extends the anagen (growth) phase of the hair cycle. Nerve tissue studies have shown that GHK-Cu promotes Schwann cell proliferation and neurotrophin secretion, suggesting relevance to peripheral nerve regeneration research.

The copper component of GHK-Cu is integral to its biological activity. Copper(II) ions serve as essential cofactors for numerous enzymes involved in tissue repair, including lysyl oxidase (collagen cross-linking), cytochrome c oxidase (mitochondrial energy production), and superoxide dismutase (antioxidant defense). GHK-Cu provides a physiological delivery mechanism for copper to these enzyme systems. The peptide is supplied as a blue-tinged lyophilized powder at 50mg per vial, with purity exceeding 98% by HPLC analysis, and includes verified copper content by atomic absorption spectroscopy.

Composition

• Peptide: GHK-Cu (Glycyl-Histidyl-Lysine Copper Complex)
• Sequence: Gly-His-Lys-Cu(II)
• Molecular Formula: C14H24CuN6O4
• Molecular Weight: 403.92 g/mol
• Purity: >98% (HPLC)
• Appearance: Blue-tinged lyophilized powder
• Quantity: 50mg per vial

Storage

• Store lyophilized peptide at -20C for long-term storage (up to 24 months).
• For short-term storage (up to 4 weeks), refrigerate at 2-8C.
• After reconstitution, store at 2-8C and use within 14 days.
• Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.
• Protect from light, moisture, and oxidizing agents at all times.
• Use sterile, copper-free containers for reconstituted solutions.

Certificate of Analysis

Every batch of GHK-Cu sold by Pepspan undergoes rigorous third-party testing. Our Certificate of Analysis (COA) includes HPLC purity analysis, mass spectrometry confirmation, copper content verification by atomic absorption spectroscopy, endotoxin testing, and sterility verification. COA documentation is available upon request for any batch number. All testing is performed by independent European laboratories to ensure the highest standards of accuracy and reliability.

Current Batch: Pending first shipment

Every batch of GHK-Cu sold by Pepspan is independently tested by Janoshik Analytical (Prague, Czech Republic). HPLC purity analysis, mass spectrometry, and amino acid sequencing are performed for each shipment. Reports are batch-specific — not generic.

Research Disclaimer

This product is intended for laboratory research use only. It is not a drug, food, cosmetic, or dietary supplement. GHK-Cu is not approved for human or veterinary use by any regulatory agency. It must not be administered to humans or animals outside of approved clinical trials. By purchasing this product, you confirm that you are a qualified researcher and that this product will be used exclusively for legitimate scientific research purposes. Pepspan assumes no liability for any misuse of this product. All handling must comply with local regulations and institutional safety protocols.